Python Fundamentals

Run your first Python program, print output and use Python as a calculator.

Store values in variables, convert between numbers and text, and format output with f-strings.

Compare values, combine conditions with and, or and not, and branch with if, elif and else.

Repeat work over ranges and lists with for loops, and loop until a condition changes with while.

Define reusable functions with parameters, default values and return values.

Read a Python traceback from the bottom up, recognise common error types and fix bugs methodically.

Store ordered data in lists, index and slice it, sort it, and use tuples for fixed groups of values.

Look up and count values by key with dictionaries, and remove duplicates with sets.

Build lists, dictionaries and sets in one readable line, with optional filtering.

Open text files safely with `with`, read CSV data with the csv module and write a summary file.

Import modules, use math, statistics and datetime from the standard library, and know when to reach for a package.

Define a small class with an __init__ method, attributes and methods that work on the object's own data.

Parse messy text records, skip bad lines, group by key and report summary statistics.

Turn a vague idea into inputs, outputs, functions, pseudocode and test cases before writing code.

Publish a script on GitHub with a clear README so others can understand, run and reuse it.