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Data Scientist

Build statistical and machine learning models that predict outcomes from data.

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Career facts

Preparation
Considerable preparation needed · most need a bachelor's degree
Ways in
  • Bachelor's degree
  • Industry certification
  • Portfolio of projects

About this career

Data scientists frame a question, gather and clean the data, build models that forecast or classify, and explain the results to decision makers. They program in Python or R, use SQL and libraries such as pandas and scikit-learn, and apply statistics to test whether a result holds up. Entry usually takes a bachelor's degree in statistics, math or computer science; many roles prefer a master's.

Learning path

Take these courses in order, from beginner to mid-level.

  1. Step 1: STEM Foundations: The Universal Skill Stack

    The shared base every STEM career uses: working with numbers and units, testing ideas fairly, handling data and code, and explaining your work.

    Level: Beginner4 modules · 12 lessons · 7h 18mAlso used in 34 other careers
  2. Step 2: Digital Literacy for Tech & STEM Work

    The everyday computer, internet, safety and AI skills every tech and STEM job assumes you already have.

    Level: Beginner4 modules · 12 lessons · 6h 8mAlso used in 34 other careers
  3. Step 3: Professional Communication & Teamwork

    Write clear emails and documents, present and run meetings, work well on teams, and navigate résumés, interviews and networking.

    Level: Beginner4 modules · 12 lessons · 7h 24mAlso used in 34 other careers
  4. Step 4: Math for Tech & STEM

    The practical math behind tech and STEM work: numbers, algebra, functions, geometry, logic and counting, with short code exercises.

    Level: Beginner5 modules · 15 lessons · 7h 32mAlso used in 34 other careers
  5. Step 5: Spreadsheets for Data Work

    Clean tables, correct formulas, lookups, pivot tables and honest charts in Google Sheets, LibreOffice Calc or Excel.

    Level: Beginner3 modules · 9 lessons · 6h 35mAlso used in 16 other careers
  6. Step 6: Git & the Command Line

    Use the terminal with confidence, track your work with Git, and collaborate on GitHub with pull requests.

    Level: Beginner3 modules · 9 lessons · 5h 57mAlso used in 15 other careers
  7. Step 7: Python Fundamentals

    Learn to program in Python from zero: values, decisions, loops, functions, data structures, files, modules and a small data project.

    Level: Beginner5 modules · 15 lessons · 9h 53mAlso used in 22 other careers
  8. Step 8: SQL Fundamentals

    Query, summarise, join and change data in a relational database with SQL, practised in your browser.

    Level: Beginner4 modules · 12 lessons · 5h 44mAlso used in 11 other careers
  9. Step 9: Statistics Fundamentals

    Describe data, reason with probability, and draw honest conclusions from samples, with short fill-in-the-blank Python exercises.

    Level: Beginner4 modules · 12 lessons · 6h 50mAlso used in 14 other careers
  10. Step 10: Foundations for Software, Data, Design & Tech Education Careers

    Understand tech roles and career ladders, pick a realistic learning route, build portfolio evidence, and navigate postings, interviews and your first 90 days.

    Level: Beginner3 modules · 9 lessons · 7h 22mAlso used in 20 other careers
  11. Step 11: Intro to Data Analysis with Python

    Load, clean, reshape and explore real data with Python and pandas, then turn the results into clear findings.

    Level: Intermediate4 modules · 13 lessons · 12h 55mAlso used in 10 other careers
  12. Step 12: Data Structures & Algorithms

    Measure efficiency with Big-O, then use searching, sorting, hash maps, stacks, linked lists, trees, graphs and dynamic programming in Python.

    Level: Intermediate4 modules · 12 lessons · 7h 37mAlso used in 7 other careers
  13. Step 13: SQL for Analysis

    Go beyond the basics with subqueries, CTEs, window functions and the analytics patterns analysts use every day, practised in your browser.

    Level: Intermediate4 modules · 12 lessons · 7h 18mAlso used in 5 other careers
  14. Step 14: Data Visualization & Storytelling

    Turn analysis into charts people read correctly: visual principles, matplotlib and seaborn, small multiples, dashboards and a short data story.

    Level: Intermediate3 modules · 9 lessons · 7h 29mAlso used in 3 other careers
  15. Step 15: Calculus & Linear Algebra for STEM

    The calculus and linear algebra behind science, engineering and machine learning: derivatives, integrals, vectors, matrices, gradients and eigenvalues, with Python exercises.

    Level: Intermediate4 modules · 12 lessons · 7h 48mAlso used in 11 other careers
  16. Step 16: Probability & Statistical Inference

    Model uncertainty with random variables and distributions, then estimate, test and update beliefs from data, with Python simulations you run in the browser.

    Level: Intermediate4 modules · 12 lessons · 9h 26mAlso used in 7 other careers
  17. Step 17: Machine Learning Foundations

    Learn how machines learn from data: implement regression, trees, metrics, k-means, PCA and anomaly detection from scratch in NumPy, and practise honest evaluation.

    Level: Intermediate4 modules · 12 lessons · 6h 49mAlso used in 1 other career
  18. Step 18: Applied Machine Learning

    Go from classic ML to the models used at work: neural networks, embeddings, CNNs, gradient boosting and LLM apps, plus evaluation, experiment tracking and a capstone.

    Level: Mid-level4 modules · 12 lessons · 10h 4mAlso used in 1 other career
  19. Step 19: Regression & Experimental Design

    Fit and check multiple regression and GLMs, design randomised, blocked and factorial experiments, and turn analyses into clear, reproducible reports for the researchers you work with.

    Level: Mid-level4 modules · 12 lessons · 8hAlso used in 5 other careers

Skills you'll build

Python

A beginner-friendly, general-purpose language popular in data, AI, and scripting.

Pandas

The Python library data analysts and scientists use to clean and explore tabular data.

Statistics

The math of uncertainty. Foundation for data analysis, science, and machine learning.

SQL

The language for asking questions of relational databases. Used everywhere.

Algorithms

Step-by-step procedures for solving problems efficiently. Show up in every interview.

Problem Solving

Breaking big, vague problems into small concrete steps. The most transferable skill in tech.

Free resources to get started

Hand-picked courses and reading from trusted free providers.

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